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This post is reviewed twice a week and updated as needed. It was start published on March iii, 2020. It received the honour of Distinction from the eHealthcare Awards in the Best COVID-19 Pandemic Related Communications category.

Merry Jennifer Markham, Doc, FACP, FASCO, is Chief of the University of Florida (UF) Partitioning of Hematology & Oncology, a Clinical Professor in the UF Higher of Medicine, and the Associate Director for Medical Affairs at the UF Wellness Cancer Center. She specializes in the treatment of gynecologic cancers. Dr. Markham is the Cancer.Internet Acquaintance Editor for Gynecologic Cancers and the pastchair of ASCO's Cancer Communications Committee. Follow her on Twitter at @DrMarkham .

The American Order of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) is aware that people with cancer and cancer survivors, specially those with compromised immune systems, are likely worried about the potential impact of COVID-xix on their health. Patients should talk with their oncologists and health care teams to discuss their options to protect themselves from infection.

What practice I need to know nigh COVID-xix vaccines?

There are several COVID-nineteen vaccines that are now in use in different parts of the world. In the United States, the 3 vaccines in use are made by Pfizer-BioNTech (Comirnaty), Moderna (Spikevax), and Janssen, manufactured by Johnson & Johnson. Globally, other vaccines are available or are in procedure of receiving Emergency Utilize Listing by the Globe Wellness Organization (WHO).

The available COVID-19 vaccines are effective against well-nigh variants of the virus, including the Delta variant. Yet, variants may still cause illness in some people who are vaccinated. The Omicron variant, for example, is more infectious than the Delta variant and may cause breakthrough infections in people who are vaccinated. Booster doses are of import in helping lower the risk of a quantum infection.

There are plenty of vaccine doses available in the United States. Yous tin find COVID-nineteen vaccines near you by searching vaccines.org, checking with major retail pharmacies, or calling ane-800-232-0233. Vaccine distribution varies from land to state. Check your local or national health section to larn more than about how vaccines are being distributed in your surface area.

Vaccination series for most people. Nearly people volition receive a two-dose series of the COVID-xix vaccine, followed past a third dose (a booster dose) to ensure full vaccination. The U.S. Nutrient and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized the use of "mix and match" booster doses in October 2021, and this was canonical by the U.S. Centers for Illness Control and Prevention (CDC). For example, someone who received the initial vaccination series with the Moderna vaccine could receive a booster dose of the Pfizer vaccine.

• Pfizer-BioNTech. In the U.s., the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine has received full FDA approval for the vaccine in people 16 and older and emergency employ potency in people betwixt 5 and 16 years of age. It is an mRNA vaccine administered in ii doses, 3 weeks autonomously, with a booster dose five months later the second dose for people ages 12 and up. For people 50 and older, a second booster dose (a fourth total dose) can be given iv months later the first booster dose.

• Moderna. The Moderna vaccine is authorized for utilise in people 18 years of historic period and older. It is an mRNA vaccine administered in 2 doses, 1 month apart, with a booster dose at to the lowest degree five months after the 2nd dose. For people 50 and older, a second booster dose (a fourth total dose) can be given four months after the first booster dose.

• Johnson & Johnson/Janssen. The Janssen vaccine is given in i dose and is authorized for individuals 18 and older who are unable to receive the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccine or who otherwise would not receive a COVID-19 vaccine. A booster dose of this vaccine should be given to adults 18 and older at least 2 months after the get-go dose. The CDC recommends that people who received the Janssen vaccine should consider a booster dose of either Pfizer or Moderna instead, because they are preferred for their effectiveness.

Vaccination series for people who are moderately or severely immunocompromised. People who are being treated for blood cancers (such as leukemia or lymphoma) or accept had a bone marrow/stem cell or organ transplant are considered moderately or severely immunocompromised. This category includes many people with cancer. People in this situation may not accept a powerful immune response to a COVID-19 vaccine, and then an additional dose and a booster dose are recommended.

• Boosted dose. Individuals in this group should receive an extra dose of the COVID vaccine. This means 3 doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccine or 2 doses of the Janssen vaccine. An additional dose is not the same as a booster dose. Instead, it is part of the chief serial of the vaccinations. The additional dose should exist given at least 28 days afterward the previous dose.

• Booster dose. All people in this group should receive a booster dose of whatever COVID-19 vaccine. However, mRNA vaccines are preferred. For people who received the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccine, the booster should be given at least 3 months after the additional dose. For those who received the Janssen vaccine, the booster dose should be given at least 2 months afterward the additional dose.

• Second booster dose. People in this grouping who are 12 and older may receive a 2d booster dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. If they are 18 and older, they may receive a second booster dose of either the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine or the Moderna vaccine. This 2nd booster dose should be given at to the lowest degree 4 months after the first booster dose.

Side effects. The near common expected side effects of the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines include hurting at the injection site, tiredness, musculus pain, headache, chills, joint hurting, and fever. Side effects should be expected, and these side effects go abroad within 3 days. Side effects are sometimes worse with the second dose, but again, these side furnishings should go away inside 3 days. If you still have side effects more than 3 days after your vaccine dose, let your doctor know.

One rare side outcome of two-shot COVID-19 vaccines is swelling of the lymph nodes in the armpit, which could be mistaken equally a sign of breast cancer. Considering of this unusual side effect, filibuster your mammogram for at least 1 month after receiving the COVID-xix vaccine.

The about mutual side furnishings of the Janssen vaccine were pain at the injection site, headache, fatigue, musculus aches, and nausea. Most of these side furnishings were balmy to moderate in severity and lasted 1 to 2 days.

Information on unexpected side effects of these vaccines are existence collected and monitored. When something uncommon happens, this data is reported to the FDA and CDC so that further investigations may be performed. For example, six people (out of more than half-dozen.viii million people) who received the Janssen vaccine were reported to have a rare blazon of blood clot. Because of this, administration of that vaccine was briefly paused and so that these cases could be reviewed and the human relationship to the vaccine could be determined. This does not hateful that the vaccine is dangerous. Pauses similar this are an important and expected safety mechanism in the development of whatever new medications or vaccines.

Safety in people with cancer. Experts agree that the COVID-xix vaccine is recommended for people with cancer, cancer survivors, and those currently on cancer treatment, including chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The best available prove suggests the odds of dying or experiencing severe complications from COVID-nineteen are roughly ii times higher if y'all are someone with cancer than a person without cancer. The only people who should not be offered the vaccine are those who may take a harmful reaction, such as anaphylaxis, to a specific vaccine component. Talk with your doctor or your cancer care team about whether a COVID-19 vaccine is recommended for you, based on your own medical history. Read an FAQ most the COVID-xix vaccine and how information technology relates to people with cancer. (This link takes you to a different ASCO website.)

Even though the original COVID-nineteen vaccine clinical trials did non specifically include people with cancer, including the pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine and the flu vaccine. Some vaccines are OK to receive during cancer treatment, when the immune system is weak, only some vaccines, such every bit live virus vaccines, should not be given during cancer treatment. The COVID-19 vaccines are non live virus vaccines and may be given during or after cancer treatment.

Subsequently yous are fully vaccinated. One time you have been fully vaccinated, and if you lot alive in an surface area with very low rates of COVID-19, the CDC recommends that you can resume activities that you did before the pandemic, without wearing a mask or physically distancing. Still, this does non apply in areas where the spread of very infectious variants, such as Delta or Omicron, is substantial or loftier. In those areas, wearing a mask indoors in public is recommended. (You can view the level of community spread in your county on the CDC website.) In most cases, individuals are not fully vaccinated confronting COVID-19 until two weeks later on their final dose of the vaccine. Even so, in some areas, you may even so exist required to wear a mask and go on physically distant, such as in hospitals or clinics, public transportation, and others. Also, some local, state, or federal laws may still require these precautions. Be sure to see what precautions will withal exist required in your surface area by checking with your local government.

No vaccine is 100% effective, and sometimes, vaccinated people tin still become COVID-nineteen, which is called a "breakthrough infection." The risk of this is very low, and vaccinated people are unlikely to get very ill. If y'all accept cancer or are receiving cancer handling or accept other medical weather that put you at high risk for illness from COVID-19, yous should consider standing to wear a mask when you are indoors in public settings. Check with your doctor for specific guidance if you feel you are at higher take a chance for complications from COVID-19.

The virus will remain in the community until the bulk of residents are vaccinated, so these precautions are critical to preventing continued spread of the virus, particularly with more than contagious variants circulating.

If yous have more questions about the vaccine, you can find answers at world wide web.getvaccineanswers.org. (Note that this link will take yous to a separate website.)

What is COVID-19?

COVID-nineteen, or coronavirus illness 2019, is an disease caused past a novel (or new) coronavirus that was first identified in an outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.

Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause mild illnesses, such every bit the cold, to more severe diseases, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Eye E Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). Because the novel coronavirus is related to the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), the virus has been named SARS-CoV-two. The exact source of SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-xix, is not certain but likely originated in bats.

The virus tin can spread from person to person, through pocket-sized droplets from the olfactory organ or mouth that are produced when a person coughs or sneezes. Some other person may catch COVID-19 by breathing in these aerosol or by touching a surface that the droplets have landed on so touching their eyes, nose, or mouth. The virus spreads through close contact, just it mainly spreads by airborne transmission. In an enclosed space, virus particles can remain in the air for minutes to hours and tin infect people at distances of more than half dozen feet (2 meters).

Symptoms from COVID-19 tin be mild to severe and may announced between ii and fourteen days after exposure to the virus. The symptoms may include fever, cough, shortness of breath, chills, headaches, sore throat, and new loss of taste or olfactory property. Other symptoms may include aches and pains, fatigue, nasal congestion or runny nose, or diarrhea. In some people, the illness may cause severe pneumonia and heart problems, and it may atomic number 82 to death. Other people who are infected may not develop any symptoms.

COVID-19 can occur in both children and adults. Children with COVID-19 are as well at gamble for a multisystem inflammatory syndrome, with symptoms such as rash, fever, abdominal hurting, airsickness, and diarrhea. Initial reports indicated that children and young adults were not as affected by COVID-19. However, people of all ages, including infants, can dice from this disease. In add-on, deaths seem to occur disproportionately in diverse populations, including Black and Hispanic populations.

An assay of 928 people with cancer and COVID-xix presented during the ASCO20 Virtual Scientific Program revealed that having agile, progressing cancer was associated with a 5 times higher risk of dying within 30 days compared with patients who were in remission from cancer.

Viruses commonly change over time through mutation, and several variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus accept been identified. For instance, the Delta variant of the virus was identified in December 2020 in Republic of india, then in the U.k., and rapidly became dominant in many countries, including the U.s.a.. The Omicron variant spreads more easily than the Delta variant, but it is non known whether it is more deadly. Unvaccinated people are almost at chance of getting these variants and are most at adventure for severe illness and hospitalization.

What tin I practice to avert getting COVID-19?

3 vaccines have received emergency employ authority from the FDA, and i of those (Pfizer) has received formal FDA approval for ages 16 and upwardly. Data drove from clinical trials to test the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines are still ongoing. These trials will give scientists valuable information that tin can help patients and the general public in the long run. If you would like to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial, ClinicalTrials.gov has a full listing of available studies.

The well-nigh of import way to protect yourself is to be vaccinated against COVID-xix. If you lot are not vaccinated, stay at home as much as possible and avoid areas where people get together. Follow guidance on travel restrictions issued by the CDC or the Earth Health Organization (WHO).

On December 8, 2021, the FDA issued an emergency apply authorisation to Evusheld, a monoclonal antibody handling containing tixagevimab and cilgavimab, for the prevention of COVID-xix. Evusheld is for apply in children 12 and older (who counterbalance at least forty kilograms, well-nigh 88 pounds) and adults who are in a high-risk category. This authority merely applies to individuals who are not currently infected past the virus and take not been recently exposed to someone who tested positive. This drug is authorized for people who have:

• a moderate to severely compromised immune system, or
• a history of severe adverse reaction to a COVID-19 vaccine and who are unable to receive the complete vaccination series

Evusheld is not a replacement for vaccination, which is the best protection confronting COVID-19. Evusheld is given as 2 injections and may provide protection for 6 months.

Washing your hands for at least twenty seconds is an of import way to protect yourself and forestall transmission of the virus. If soap and water are not bachelor, utilise hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol.

In addition to washing your hands frequently, it's important to:

• Avert touching your eyes, olfactory organ, and mouth.

• If you must coughing or sneeze, use a tissue. So throw the tissue abroad. Or, cough or sneeze into your elbow rather than your hand.

• Avoid close contact with people who are sick.

• Regularly clean ofttimes touched objects and surfaces.

• If at that place has been a known COVID-19 exposure, then cleaning with disinfectant wipes or spray is important.

If you are not vaccinated against COVID-xix and are in public, it is important to wear a mask or cloth face covering that covers the olfactory organ and oral cavity. This can help prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the community, especially because some people with COVID-19 accept no symptoms and don't know they have the virus, or they may not have yet developed symptoms. You lot should not wear masks with exhalation valves or vents because the vents allow your own respiratory droplets to get out the mask and can put others at risk. Double masking, such equally wearing a cloth mask or nylon face up covering over a surgical mask, is more effective at limiting transmission of the virus than wearing only one mask. The CDC recommends double masking, rather than only wearing i mask. If you lot only wear i mask, information technology should exist tight fitting effectually the nose and rima oris.

Wearing a face mask does non replace social or physical distancing. If you are out in public and non vaccinated, you should practise both: practice physical distancing of at least 6 feet (two meters) from other people and wear a mask.

If you are vaccinated but living or traveling in an area with high transmission rates of COVID-19, you should continue to wear a mask when indoors in public settings. If y'all are at high risk for COVID-19 illness or complications due to your cancer treatment or other medical condition, you should likewise keep to wear a mask in these settings.

There is no scientific evidence that taking zinc or vitamin C, even at high doses, can assist to forbid COVID-19. Using mouthwash and nasal rinses, or ingesting mouthwash in large amounts, likewise volition not prevent COVID-19 and tin can be dangerous. Drinking or gargling with betadine or other iodine products is dangerous and does not help prevent or care for COVID-xix.

Are at that place special precautions that people with cancer should take?

People with cancer, people who are in agile cancer treatment, older patients, and people with other serious chronic medical weather, such as lung disease, diabetes, or eye disease, are at college run a risk for the more severe grade of COVID-xix that could lead to death. Studies take shown that people with active or progressing cancer may be at higher run a risk than those whose cancer is in remission. The same rules use for people with cancer equally for those without cancer: Be certain to launder your hands well. Avoid touching your confront, and avoid close contact with people who are ill.

People who are at higher risk of getting very sick from COVID-19 should call up carefully about non-essential travel during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially if the travel will involve areas with loftier or increasing rates of COVID-19. This is especially important for people who have not yet been fully vaccinated confronting COVID-19. If you are non vaccinated, stay at domicile to reduce your exposure to the virus, exercise physical distancing, and avoid social gatherings, including smaller gatherings with family or friends who don't live with you. Wear a face covering or mask, and make your trip out as brief as possible. If yous take been vaccinated and live in an area with low COVID-19 transmission rates, y'all are able to return to normal activities. In places with loftier or increasing rates of COVID-nineteen, masking is still of import. Ever follow local authorities guidelines for masking and social distancing.

If y'all are vaccinated, outdoor activities are mostly safety without physical distancing. If you are not vaccinated, walking or exercising outdoors is fine as long as the expanse is not crowded and yous are able to keep a distance of at least 6 feet (2 meters) from other people.

A skillful rule of thumb during emergency situations such as the pandemic is to keep enough essential medications, both prescription and over-the-counter, to last for at least i month. Create and go along updated an emergency contact list that includes family unit, friends, neighbors, and customs or neighborhood resources who may exist able to provide data or help to you if you demand it.

To stay connected to your support system, connect with your family and friends virtually, through video chats or phone calls. Some examples of engineering that tin can be used for video or other live chats are FaceTime, Zoom, Google Hangouts, and social media platforms, such every bit Instagram and Facebook.

If you are scheduled for cancer treatments, accept a discussion with your oncologist about the benefits and risks of continuing or delaying treatment. If yous are non scheduled for cancer treatment only are scheduled for an date with your oncologist, it may be possible for the dr. to bear the visit using videoconferencing or telemedicine. Be sure to check with your cancer intendance squad to come across if this is recommended for you.

Finally, it is always important to have your health care wishes in writing, in case you are too ill to make decisions for yourself. This way, your family and your medical squad will know what is important to you and what your wishes are. If you have not even so washed this, now is a proficient time. Cancer.Net has valuable information on this topic. Because some hospitals and clinics are limiting visitors, and some are allowing no visitors, having your health care wishes in writing is more important than ever. Hither are some examples of important questions to ask yourself, to discuss with your loved ones, and to write down:

• What level of quality of life would be unacceptable to me?

• What are my most important goals if my health state of affairs worsens?

• If I am unable to speak for myself, who is the person in my life who I would want to speak for me?

• Who should not be involved in making decisions for me?

• If my heart stops, do I desire to take CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) washed?

Will anything change with my cancer-related medical visits?

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the increased take chances of exposure to the virus, well-nigh hospitals and clinics take changed their visitation policies. Some may let i visitor per patient, and others may allow no visitors. Masks and physical distancing are however required in wellness-intendance settings. Before heading to your medical appointment, check with the clinic or hospital for their current visitor policy.

Your cancer care team may bear some of your appointments by telemedicine. During a telemedicine appointment, yous can stay at home and visit with your medico or other health care team member through video conferencing using your phone or computer. Your md'southward office volition give you instructions on how to have your visit this way. If y'all are interested in having a visit by telemedicine rather than in person, inquire your doctor's office staff if this is possible.

If community spread of COVID-xix in your area is high, your physician may recommend delaying some treatments for supportive care, such as bone-strengthening treatments, for case, denosumab (Xgeva) or zoledronic acid (Zometa), or intravenous fe supplementation. They will only recommend delaying treatments if they experience it is in your best interest to practice then.

Early in the pandemic, cancer screening tests, such every bit mammograms or colonoscopies, and other tests, such as bone density tests, were oft delayed to reduce your risk of exposure to the virus. However, it is still important to receive regular cancer screening, fifty-fifty during a pandemic. The Prevent Cancer Foundation's Back on the Books website can aid you lot learn more most COVID-nineteen and safe cancer screening.

For people who are at loftier risk of cancer, such as those with a hereditary cancer syndrome similar Lynch Syndrome or a BRCA mutation, your doctor may recommend delaying some cancer gamble-reducing procedures. They will simply recommend this if they feel information technology'south safest for you, based on the virus transmission rates where you live and your own personal risk. Information technology's always best to discuss timing of these tests and procedures with your doctor.

What should I do if I think I may have COVID-nineteen?

If you think you may have COVID-19, you should get tested for the virus. You lot may become tested for COVID-nineteen at local testing centers and pharmacies in your customs without a doctor'south order. Or, you may get tested by your doctor or health care center. You should call your doctor'south role before going in to exist evaluated. A mutual question I hear from patients is near which md to call. I recommend calling the md who you lot have the most contact with. If you take been off cancer treatment for more a year and are seeing your master care provider regularly, yous may call your primary intendance provider. Even so, if you are seeing your oncologist more than regularly or are on agile cancer handling, telephone call your oncologist.

Testing for COVID-19 involves inserting a 6-inch-long swab, similar to a Q-tip, deep into the nasal cavity for at least fifteen seconds. The swab is inserted into a special container and sent to a laboratory for testing. Saliva tests are also available in some areas. At that place are several FDA-approved at-home cocky-collection kits for this virus, approved under an emergency-use authorization. These tests often include a medical screening questionnaire and upwards-front payment. The FDA has besides given emergency utilize authorisation to an over-the-counter, at-home examination that tin can give results in near 20 minutes. This test involves a nasal swab that can detect fragments of the virus if they are nowadays.

If you take a test for COVID outside of your doctor's office, exist certain to let your medical team know the results of your exam.

Information technology is important to note that even if y'all are vaccinated, you may all the same develop COVID-19, but the risk is lower and the illness is more probable to exist mild.

If you are receiving cancer treatment that suppresses the immune system and you lot develop a fever and respiratory symptoms, call your oncologist every bit you lot ordinarily would if y'all develop a fever while on treatment. Exist sure to follow their guidance on when to come up into the office or hospital and when it'south safer to stay domicile.

Severe symptoms could exist a medical emergency, and you may demand to telephone call 911. If you or your loved one has symptoms such every bit problem animate, persistent hurting or pressure level in your chest, new defoliation, or bluish lips, you should seek medical attention immediately.

If yous are concerned you have COVID-19, you should stay at home and isolate yourself while you lot are waiting for your test results. Staying habitation when you are sick is the all-time way to foreclose transmitting this and other respiratory viruses, such as the flu, to other people. If you live with someone, you lot should quarantine yourself in one function of the domicile, if possible, to lower the risk of spreading the virus to the balance of the people who live with y'all. If you're not able to isolate yourself in your home, you should vesture masks in your dwelling house.

If you test positive for COVID-19, yous must isolate yourself from other people for at least five days. Check with your health-care squad on when information technology is safety to come up out of isolation.

If you are concerned that you may have been exposed to someone with COVID-19, closely spotter for developing symptoms. Check your temperature regularly for fevers. If you accept active cancer or are currently in cancer handling, let your medical squad know about your possible exposure.

On June three, 2020, a study was published in the New England Journal of Medicine that included 821 people with no symptoms of COVID-19 who had a household or work exposure to COVID-19. This study showed that treatment with hydroxychloroquine after an exposure to someone with COVID-19 did not provide any benefit.

Is there a way to observe out if I have already had COVID-19?

Antibody tests, also known as serologic tests, have been developed, and these tests may be able to observe out if yous accept already had a COVID-19 infection by identifying whether there are antibodies in the blood. Antibodies are specific proteins fabricated by the body in response to an infection.

Antibody tests are not perfect. Some people who get COVID-19 may not make antibodies. Or they may make very low levels of antibodies. Some people may have a "faux positive" antibody test, meaning the examination finds antibodies, merely the antibodies are related to a dissimilar coronavirus and not COVID-19.

Antibody tests should non be used to make a current diagnosis of COVID-19. It can take between 1 and 3 weeks after the infection for the body to make antibodies.

If you have had a COVID-19 infection, whether diagnosed through a examination for the virus or through an antibiotic test, it is possible (merely not certain) that y'all may accept amnesty for near three months. However, if suspicious symptoms develop within that three-month flow afterwards the COVID-xix infection, another test for COVID-19 is recommended, unless there is another obvious cause for those symptoms.

If I have had COVID-xix, will I be able to continue cancer treatment?

If you have tested positive for COVID-19, you lot should have a discussion with your oncologist about the impact of this on your cancer treatment. Some cancer treatment centers may require a negative COVID-19 test before chemotherapy or other cancer handling starts once again. However, some patients with COVID-19 continue to test positive fifty-fifty after recovering from their symptoms. In this situation, your health care team will consider the risks and benefits of restarting cancer treatment despite the positive test. Some treatments, peculiarly those that practise not impair the allowed system, may exist able to proceed, especially if you have tested positive for the virus but do not have symptoms or take only mild symptoms.

When your cancer handling resumes or continues later COVID-xix, information technology is of import to wear a mask when coming to the infusion clinic or cancer treatment center and to practice expert paw hygiene by using paw sanitizer or handwashing before and after visits.

Are in that location any treatments available for COVID-19?

At that place are no cures for COVID-19. Scientists continue to work hard to develop and examination treatments for COVID-19. Clinical trials are research studies that involve people. Clinical trials for potential COVID-19 treatments are now open in many locations in the United States and in other countries. If y'all take been diagnosed with the coronavirus disease and you join a clinical trial for patients with COVID-19, you may exist able to receive these medications. Also, by joining a clinical trial, your participation will help scientists notice the well-nigh effective and condom treatment for the illness. The NCI COVID-19 in Cancer Patients Study (NCCAPS) and a written report at Stanford, for example, are designed to collect symptoms from people who may accept COVID-nineteen to help researchers learn the course of the disease and help find a treatment.

For people with cancer and COVID-19 that is not astringent, monoclonal antibodies may be helpful in reducing the chances that the affliction becomes severe and reducing the need for hospitalization. The combination of casirivimab and imdevimab (made by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) was given FDA emergency use potency in November 2020. The combination of bamlanivimab and etesevimab (made past Eli Lilly), another intravenous monoclonal antibiotic therapy, was also originally given emergency apply authorisation for the handling of mild to moderate COVID-xix.

However, the authorizations for both combinations were modified in January 2022 to prohibit their employ in the The states considering of their ineffectiveness confronting the omicron variant.

Sotrovimab (made by GlaxoSmithKline) received emergency use authorization for utilise in balmy to moderate COVID-19 in people age 12 and older who are at loftier take a chance for progression to severe COVID-19. This treatment has been shown to be helpful against the omicron variant.

For people who have but become symptomatic with COVID-19 and are at loftier risk for progression to astringent COVID-19, treatment with monoclonal antibody therapy should be given as soon every bit possible later the diagnosis.

For outpatient treatment of COVID-19, at that place is non enough data to back up outpatient treatments such as convalescent plasma or dexamethasone. Hydroxychloroquine is not recommended for the treatment of COVID-nineteen, either lone or in combination with any other drugs. Ivermectin should non exist used every bit a treatment for COVID-19.

In December 2021, the FDA gave emergency use authorization to 2 oral medications for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in people who are at high chance for developing severe COVID-19. These treatments must exist prescribed past a health-care professional person. The goal of both pill treatments is to reduce the run a risk of hospitalization or death from COVID-19.

• Paxlovid (made by Pfizer) is a combination of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir and was the first pill handling of COVID-19 to receive emergency use say-so. Paxlovid is for people 12 and older who are at high take a chance. Paxlovid should be taken within 3 days afterwards symptoms from the virus showtime.
• Molnupiravir (made by Merck) is but for people 18 and older.

For people in the hospital due to COVID-xix, treatments may include a variety of measures, depending on the severity of the illness. For case, people in the hospital who are not yet on oxygen may be given the antiviral medication remdesivir. For people who are ill enough to need supplemental oxygen, dexamethasone (a steroid) may be added. Other medications that physicians in the hospital may use for very sick patients include baricitinib (a Janus kinase inhibitor) or tociluzumab (a medication that targets the immune organisation's interleukin-6 pathway). The primary handling is supportive intendance, including oxygen and supporting animate through mechanical ventilation, if necessary.

Remdesivir, an antiviral medication, tin can be helpful in treating COVID-19 infections. The drug received an Emergency Use Authorization from the FDA in May 2020 and became the first FDA-approved treatment for COVID-19 in October 2020. Remdesivir is approved for patients with COVID-19 who crave hospitalization, and in January 2022, the drug was canonical for use outside of the hospital in people with mild to moderate disease from the virus.

Dexamethasone, a steroid medication, tin can exist beneficial for critically sick patients with COVID-xix. A report from the U.K. Recovery Trial found that dexamethasone tin help salve lives in people who crave oxygen therapy or are on a ventilator. In this population of very ill patients, receiving dexamethasone resulted in a lower charge per unit of death at 28 days. The drug unfortunately does not seem to help in cases of mild affliction.

Convalescent plasma is the liquid portion of blood that can be collected from people who take recovered from COVID-19. This plasma may have antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Convalescent plasma is being studied in clinical trials as a possible treatment, and the FDA issued an Emergency Use Authorization for it on August 23, 2020. However, its benefits and risks withal take not been confirmed in randomized clinical trials.

Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) initially seemed promising every bit a possible treatment for COVID-19, merely later various clinical trials reported data on its safety and effectiveness, this medication was not establish to exist helpful.

A version of chloroquine (chloroquine phosphate) is used equally an additive to make clean fish aquariums. Consuming this fish tank additive has led to at least 1 decease and other overdoses. Do not consume this product—it tin kill yous.

Drinking bleach or injecting bleach or other household disinfectants is very unsafe and tin kill you. Another proposed treatment to avert is oleandrin, an excerpt that comes from a toxic shrub. Ingesting even a modest corporeality of the establish can impale you. These are not treatments for COVID-nineteen, and they will not help prevent it.

Practice not take ivermectin, a drug used to treat parasites and head lice. Ivermectin products are made differently for animals and for humans. Ivermectin is not an antiviral medication. Taking this medication has not been shown to be helpful in treating COVID-19. Consuming it, especially at doses recommended for animals, tin be dangerous and may result in overdose, hospitalization, and decease.

How do nosotros attend school or piece of work safely?

Around the world, there is variation in whether or not schools and offices are open for in-person attendance. In the United States, local and state officials have worked with school systems to plan school openings. Some schools are offer only in-person education, a pocket-sized number of schools are completely virtual, and others nonetheless are offering some blend of the two.

If you or your children are returning to schoolhouse in person, and specially if you are not vaccinated confronting COVID-19, wearing a face covering or mask that covers the nose and mouth at all times is important to lower the risk of spread. If concrete distancing is possible, please do so. Employ hand sanitizer frequently and launder hands whenever possible. Stay home or keep children at home if they are sick or have a fever.

When returning to in-person work, the same rules employ. Being vaccinated against COVID-xix is the safest arroyo. If you are not vaccinated, avert large gatherings of people, physical altitude as much as possible, and wear a mask at all times. Regularly clean desks and other ofttimes touched surfaces. If in that location has been a known exposure to COVID-nineteen in the space, then cleaning with disinfectant wipes is important. Do not go to work when you lot are ill or if you have a fever.

Finally, be sure to get a flu shot during influenza flavour. This can aid protect you and those around you.

When will things render to normal?

The rates of infection from the virus accept fluctuated since early 2020, but the virus has not gone abroad and it likely won't someday soon. Overall, in the Usa, the number of cases of COVID-19 and the number of deaths from the virus have continued to increase, though rates fluctuate in various communities and countries. With COVID-19 vaccines now widely available in the Us, a return to normal is expected, but access to vaccines varies from state to country. Also, unless a high percentage of people choose to be vaccinated, a return to normal will be significantly delayed and new variants, such every bit Omicron, will likely continue to announced. Masking and physical distancing proceed to exist important, peculiarly indoors in areas of loftier COVID-19 transmission, for those who are at higher risk because of medical atmospheric condition or immune suppression, and for those who are non all the same vaccinated or non fully vaccinated. Masks volition likely continue to be required in health-intendance settings.

If your local customs, county, or state allows nonessential businesses to be open up and if you are not vaccinated against COVID-xix, the safest approach is to go on to stay at abode and avoid beingness in public as much as possible. Wear face masks and consider double masking when you leave your home. Stay at least vi anxiety (2 meters) abroad from other people.

If you decide to consume at a restaurant, it'south safest to swallow outside, and you should even so article of clothing a mask if you are not vaccinated, unless you are eating or drinking. People who are vaccinated can experience more comfortable resuming pre-pandemic activities, such as dining in a restaurant and shopping.

Many people believe that a negative COVID-19 test means that it's safe to get together with friends or family members outside of your household. However, this is non true. It is of import to think that a negative COVID-19 test only means that the person was negative at the moment of that exam. The examination only gives information about the level of virus at the verbal time of the test. Someone could have COVID-19 but not withal have enough virus to examination positive. Also, these tests are not 100% accurate.

The safest approach, especially if you lot are considered high risk and if you lot are not vaccinated, is to continue living as if the stay-at-domicile restrictions are still in place. If you lot have been vaccinated, it is now possible to ease back into social events. Simply if you lot are in an surface area of high COVID-xix transmission, wearing a mask indoors is recommended.

If you have questions near your personal risk due to your cancer or cancer treatment, be sure to speak with your doc for their guidance.

Where can I get the latest information almost COVID-19?

Staying up to date on the latest information on the COVID-19 outbreak is important. The CDC and your local and state health departments will take ongoing information about whether the disease has been diagnosed in your community.

This information is also available in Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, and Standard arabic (PDF).

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Source: https://www.cancer.net/blog/2022-05/coronavirus-and-covid-19-what-people-with-cancer-need-know

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